Clinical Features
MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) is a viral respiratory illness caused by MERS-CoV, a betacoronavirus likely originating from bats, with camels implicated as intermediate hosts. First reported in 2012 in Saudi Arabia, it presents as:
- Fever and chills
- Dry cough (occasionally with blood)
- Shortness of breath
- Gastrointestinal symptoms: diarrhea, vomiting
- Severe cases: pneumonia, respiratory failure, and kidney dysfunction
Most severe cases occur in patients with underlying conditions. Mortality is approximately 35-40%.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis relies on RT-PCR testing of respiratory specimens. Additional evaluations may include:
- Serologic testing (anti-MERS-CoV antibodies)
- Chest imaging (for pneumonia)
- Renal and liver function tests in complicated cases
Treatment
There is no specific antiviral or approved vaccine. Management is supportive:
- Oxygen and respiratory support
- Symptom management and hydration
- Treatment of complications as needed
Prevention focuses on minimizing contact with camels and applying strict infection control, especially in healthcare settings.